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The BBC's Jeremy Bowen: "Sometimes Damascus doesn't look like a wartime city. But all this is an illusion of normality"
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has told a US broadcaster there is "no evidence" that his government has used chemical weapons.
In the interview with PBS, to be aired on Monday, he also suggested his allies would retaliate if the West attacked.
US Secretary of State John Kerry has been lobbying hard for military action against Mr Assad during talks with EU and Arab foreign ministers in Europe.
Congress is due to debate whether to authorise intervention in Syria.
Lawmakers will return from their summer recess on Monday to start discussing President Barack Obama's resolution to launch a "limited, narrow" strike.
"Start Quote
End QuoteThe next few days will see Mr Obama stripped, all the flaws of his presidency on display, all the strengths of his personality strained to their limit"
A Senate vote on the issue is expected as early as Wednesday, although the timetable for Mr Obama's request is less certain in the House, where the measure faces an even rockier time.
The US accuses Mr Assad's forces of killing 1,429 people in a sarin gas attack on 21 August on the outskirts of the capital, Damascus.
Mr Assad's government blames the attack on rebels fighting to overthrow him in the country's two-and-a-half-year civil war, which has claimed some 100,000 lives, according to UN estimates.
'Common-sense test'In his interview with PBS, the Syrian president said it was up to the US to prove that his forces were behind the Damascus attack.
"There has been no evidence that I used chemical weapons against my own people," he told the network.
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US Secretary of State John Kerry: "There is no military solution... but to enforce the standard with respect to the use of chemical weapons"
Mr Assad would neither confirm nor deny that his government kept chemical weapons, but said that if they existed, they were "in centralised control".
Mr Assad also reportedly "suggested that there would be, among people that are aligned with him, some kind of retaliation if a strike was made", PBS said.
Syria's allies include China and Russia, as well as Iran and the militant Hezbollah movement in Lebanon.
On a visit to Moscow, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem said the US was using the issue of chemical weapons as a "pretext" to launch a war.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said there was no alternative to a peaceful solution to the crisis - and Moscow was convinced it was possible.
"We appeal to our American colleagues to concentrate on this [the Geneva conference] and not for preparing for a war scenario".
The White House has admitted it has no "irrefutable" evidence of Mr Assad's involvement in the August attack, but said a "strong common-sense test irrespective of the intelligence" suggested his government was responsible.
How week may unfold in US
- Monday: US Congress returns after summer recess; President Obama conducts interviews with six US TV networks; intense White House lobbying of politicians continues
- Tuesday: President gives prime time address from White House; Debate expected in Senate
- Wednesday: First (procedural) vote in Senate on Mr Obama's resolution could take place
- Thursday: Possible Senate vote to pass resolution.
- Next week: House of Representatives could vote on the resolution. Waiting goes on for UN report into chemical weapons strike in Damascus
"We've seen the video proof of the outcome of those attacks," White House Chief of Staff Dennis McDonough said on Sunday.
"Now do we have a picture or do we have irrefutable beyond-a-reasonable-doubt evidence? This is not a court of law and intelligence does not work that way."
Mr Kerry also dismissed President Assad's comments, saying that "the evidence speaks for itself".
"Assad's deplorable use of chemical weapons crosses an international, global red line," he said in Paris after meeting Arab League foreign ministers.
Mr Kerry will meet UK Foreign Secretary William Hague in London on Monday morning, before returning to the US in the afternoon.
The British parliament has already voted against the UK joining any US-led military intervention in Syria.
But Mr Hague has reiterated his support for Washington's stance.
"I do believe very strongly the world must stand up to the use of chemical weapons and there is a debate now taking place in the US Congress and since our Parliament has spoken," he told the BBC.
No easy taskMr Obama cleared his schedule this week to focus all his attention on building support for the Syrian intervention.
He will also seek public support in a White House address on Tuesday. He has acknowledged he faces a "heavy lift" to win congressional backing.
Syria's chemical weapons
- The CIA believes Syria has had a chemical weapons programme "for years and already has a stockpile of CW agents which can be delivered by aircraft, ballistic missile, and artillery rockets"
- Syria is believed to possess mustard gas and sarin, a highly toxic nerve agent
- The CIA also believes that Syria has attempted to develop more toxic and more persistent nerve agents, such as VX gas
- A report citing Turkish, Arab and Western intelligence agencies put Syria's stockpile at approximately 1,000 tonnes of chemical weapons, stored in 50 towns and cities
- Syria has not signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) or ratified the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC)
Sources: CSIS, RUSI
White House officials have been giving daily classified briefings to congressional members.
While the White House believes an endorsement from the Senate could be within reach, the passage of the Syria resolution in the Republican-led House is likely to be even harder.
A Washington Post survey said 224 of the current 433 members of the House were either "no" or "leaning no" on military action as of Friday, while 184 were undecided and just 25 were backing a strike.
The survey suggested that 27 of the 100 senators were "no" or "leaning no", while 50 were undecided and 23 supportive of military action.
Many US politicians remain concerned that military action could draw the nation into a prolonged war and spark broader hostilities in the region.
Outside the US, France supports military intervention but it wants to wait for a report by UN weapons experts before taking action.
Russia and China, which have refused to agree to a UN Security Council resolution against Syria, insist any military action without the UN would be illegal.
As international wrangling continues, Islamist militants from the Nusra Front and other rebels appear to have taken control of most of Maaloula, an ancient Christian town about 55km (34 miles) north of Damascus.
Heavy fighting is said to be continuing between the rebels and government troops, which have surrounded the village.
There are fears for Maaloula's heritage, with reports that militant Islamist rebels have attacked churches, the BBC's Jim Muir, in neighbouring Lebanon, reports.
But opposition leaders have blamed pro-regime militias for the alleged destruction, accusing the government of terrorising minorities while trying to pose as their protectors, our correspondent says.
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